Enhancing Rumen Fermentation Characteristic and Methane Mitigation Using Phytonutrient Pellet in Beef Cattle

The objective of this experiment was to assess the effects chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) fruit peel pellet (CRP) supplementation on rumen fermentation, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance in crossbred beef cattle. Four cattle bulls (Brahman 75% × Thai native 25%), with 250 ± 15 kg liveweight at 18 months old, were randomly selected receive four dietary treatment groups: no (control) CRP 2, 4 6% dry matter intake (DMI) by using a Latin square design. fed concentrate 2 kg/day, rice straw offered ad libitum. results showed that pH h average post-feeding values normal range, though they slightly reduced DMI (p < 0.05). Rumen temperature, ammonia level, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate (C2), butyrate (C4) production similar among treatments. Nevertheless, propionate (C3) concentration significantly increased 0.05) groups 4% DMI. In addition, C2/C3 ratio CH4 groups, especially Rice terms %BW higher apparent digestibilities not affected Nitrogen absorption, retention enhanced Moreover, feces excretion different treatments > Ultimately, improved C3 concentration, ratio, mitigated methane production, utilization efficiency. Therefore, shows promise as enhancer.